Second Amendment

Who's rights are protected by the US constitution? I would say American citizens. Rahm Emmanuel has a slightly different view (at least with respect to #2):

If you're on that no fly list, your access to the right to bear arms is canceled. Because you're not part of the American family. You don't deserve that right. There is no right for you, if you're on that terror list.

I wonder if being a member of the American family (whatever that means) is a precondition for other rights protected by the constitution. That could be scary. And, if not, what argument allows one to make the exception for the second amendment?